indique : "Comment développer les talents de ses collaborateurs? The agent may accomplish this based on its own . Groups were asked to undertake visual puzzle solving, collective brainstorming, moral decision-making, and bargaining for resources. [111] Thus, a non-Turing model of computation is used. We define new ways of capturing, sharing and reusing information and intelligence provided by single users and communities, as well as organizations by enabling the extraction, generation, interpretation and management of Collective Intelligence from user generated digital multimedia content. Collective intelligence involves the . For example, trying to get a rating (on some scale) of a product sold online (such as Amazon's star rating system). In their view, the Internet enables collective intelligence at the widest, planetary scale, thus facilitating the emergence of a global brain. Luckin, R. (2006), Understanding Learning Contexts as Ecologies of Resources: From the Zone of Proximal Development to Learner Generated Contexts. Intel. This fascinating book demonstrates how you can build Web 2.0 applications to mine the enormous amount of data created by people on the Internet. [111] While IQS seems to be computationally hard, modeling of social structure in terms of a computational process as described above gives a chance for approximation. When considering performance on an individual level, researchers have found that “general intelligence” is associated with success as measured in a variety of ways. Collective Intelligence Systems (CIS) enable IT-mediated collective intelligence [2] and belong to the family of sociotechnical systems. Alternative measures of individual intelligence and different criteria tasks were used between studies. Criterion tasks were playing checkers (draughts) against a standardized computer in the first and a complex architectural design task in the second study. 9). What is Collective Intelligence? Environmental problems set a challenging and rich testing ground for collective-intelligence tools and frameworks. 2021 - Explorez le tableau « Collective Intelligence » de Olivier Zara, auquel 487 utilisateurs de Pinterest sont abonnés. [152][153] When connected to UNU, groups of distributed users collectively answer questions and make predictions in real-time. Because of the possibilities of technology global co-operation is nowadays much easier and productive than before. Harry Halpin, Valentin Robu, Hana Shepherd, Valentin Robu, Harry Halpin, Hana Shepherd. Woolley, A. W., Chabris, C. F., Pentland, A., Hashmi, N., & Malone, T. W. (2010). [137][138] Later work developed by Aldred used the UNU swarm intelligence system to create digital drawings and paintings. Top-down processes are more strict and fixed with norms, group structures and routines that in their own way enhance the group's collective work. [73][74] When working together as "human swarms," the groups of experienced radiologists demonstrated a 33% reduction in diagnostic errors as compared to traditional methods. The great majority of debate about artificial intelligence (AI) starts with the capabilities of existing or emergent technologies—machine learning, deep learning, computer vision, natural language processing and so on—and then asks where these might be used. [72], The value of parallel collective intelligence was demonstrated in medical applications by researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine and Unanimous AI in a set of published studies wherein groups of human doctors were connected by real-time swarming algorithms and tasked with diagnosing chest x-rays for the presence of pneumonia. [64], For most of human history, collective intelligence was confined to small tribal groups in which opinions were aggregated through real-time parallel interactions among members. Solving the game requires "the collective and collaborative efforts of multiple players"; thus the issue of collective and collaborative team play is essential to ARG. [145] Such vocabularies can be seen as a form of collective intelligence, emerging from the decentralised actions of a community of users. Downloadable (with restrictions)! Note in all these examples of collective nouns singular and plural, the collector of something or someone changes from singular to plural.This changes the verb form used. as seen in prediction markets like Intrade, HSX or InklingMarkets and also in several implementations of crowdsourced estimation of a numeric outcome such as the Delphi method. [50][51] Analogously, collective intelligence research aims to explore reasons why certain groups perform more intelligently than other groups given that c is just moderately correlated with the intelligence of individual group members. A single person tends to make decisions motivated by self-preservation. [79] Thereby, highly collectively intelligent groups earned significantly higher scores on their group assignments although their members did not do any better on other individually performed assignments. [170] Therefore, collective intelligence and crowd sourcing is not necessaryly leading to the best solution to economic problems, but to a stable, good solution. [38], Top-down processes cover group interaction, such as structures, processes, and norms. Data was collected from 110 students at a mid-western university. Rule is, perhaps, too rigid a word. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 32Keywords: collective intelligence, collective behavior, majority voting rule, machine learning, decision-making, statistical decision theory 1. INTRODUCTION Decisions must be grounded on a good understanding of the state of the world ... Organizations are multiplying the opportunities of creating collective intelligence at the service of innovation. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 74Je vais terminer cette intervention par une citation : «Le devoir du présent, c'est d'être le bienfaiteur de l'avenir». ... Il faudrait que les politiciens et les technocrates de Bruxelles fassent confiance en l'intelligence collective ... [59] ToM can be regarded as an associated subset of skills and abilities within the broader concept of emotional intelligence. Ants: their structure, development and behavior (Vol. [Gisèle Szczyglak] -- La 4e de couv. [32], David Skrbina[33] cites the concept of a 'group mind' as being derived from Plato's concept of panpsychism (that mind or consciousness is omnipresent and exists in all matter). Astera Institute - Cited by 66,564 - intelligence augmentation - collective intelligence - open science - quantum information - quantum computing the game theory and engineering communities. Consequently . [169] In management theory the use of collective intelligence and crowd sourcing leads to innovations and very robust answers to quantitative issues. By: Ethan Bernstein, Paul McKinnon and Paul Yarabe. Une Sélection de 2 citations et proverbes sur le thème Intelligence collective. Citation Styles & Tools Quick MLA, APA, and Chicago style guides for bibliographies; tools for storing and organizing sources. Lee, Sang M., et al. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 135Page, L., Brin, S., Motwani, R., Winograd, T.: The PageRank Citation Ranking: Bringing Order to the Web. ... Collective Intelligence, 19–23 (2005) Part II Advanced Models and Practices Chapter 6 Visualising Computational 5 Trust-Based ... 19–23. [121], Political parties mobilize large numbers of people to form policy, select candidates and finance and run election campaigns. A precursor of the concept is found in entomologist William Morton Wheeler's observation that seemingly independent individuals can cooperate so closely as to become indistinguishable from a single organism (1910). The journal publishes original research articles and occasional reviews on theoretical, experimental, and practical aspects of swarm intelligence. New media are often associated with the promotion and enhancement of collective intelligence. The business literature offers insights into the importance of soft skills and diversity in team effectiveness. It builds on GCRI's prior work on the governance of AI, particularly the papers On the promotion of safe and socially beneficial artificial intelligence and Lessons for artificial intelligence from other global risks. We find strong support for a general factor of CI using meta-analytic methods in a dataset comprising 22 studies, including 5,279 individuals in 1,356 groups. Chaque intelligence individuelle nait de la coopération collective de milliards de neurone, chaque intelligence collective nait de la coopération de nombreux individus. Consequently, an innovation space must favor creativity and sharing. Studies in Intelligence Format. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page xxviiChapter 6 surveys the uses and abuses of citation indexes in the evaluation of scientific research. ... problems of citation analysis by selecting a collective instead of individual unit of evaluation (university, faculty, department, ... [37], Robert David Steele Vivas in The New Craft of Intelligence portrayed all citizens as "intelligence minutemen," drawing only on legal and ethical sources of information, able to create a "public intelligence" that keeps public officials and corporate managers honest, turning the concept of "national intelligence" (previously concerned about spies and secrecy) on its head. The objective is to gather the ideas and devise some selection criteria to choose the best ideas. Here the perception is the representation of sensory information that includes multi-typed interacting objects forming knowledge graphs." A typical problem in artificial intelligence (AI) research is to learn representations of objects that . Entrepreneur, Auteur, Enseignant Vacataire, Consultant, Management, Compagnon Du Devoir, Troyes, Auteur, Diecteur de Rédaction de Pas Vu Pas Lu, Président Association Terhoma, France métropolitaine, Paris, Pensée de Didier Court sur Intelligence, Citations d'Albert Einstein sur Intelligence, Pensée de Patt El Persévérance Dourilla sur Courage, Citation d'Emmanuel Kant sur Intelligence, Citations d'Emmanuel Kant sur Intelligence, Citation de Victor Hugo sur Intelligence, Citation de Claude Chabrol sur Intelligence, Pensée de Patrick Boucq sur Intelligence, Citation d'Albert Einstein sur Intelligence, Citation de Milan Kundera sur Conscience, Pensée de Claude-may Waia Némia sur Sagesse, Pensée de Zacky Madilo sur Responsabilite, Pensée de Sid Ahmed Benlazaar sur Memoire, Pensée de Claude-may Waia Némia sur Art. Peering succeeds because it encourages self-organization – a style of production that works more effectively than hierarchical management for certain tasks. Groups with more females had a higher collective social sensitivity, leading to a higher collective intelligence. Its main predictors are social sensitivity, the distribution of conversational turn-taking, and the proportion of female group members. La citation la plus courte sur « intelligence collective » est : « Les comportements territoriaux affaiblissent l'intelligence collective. The authors report that this is the largest study to date of collective intelligence for clinical diagnosis in terms of the numbers of physicians and vignettes included. [111], One measure sometimes applied, especially by more artificial intelligence focused theorists, is a "collective intelligence quotient"[112] (or "cooperation quotient") – which can be normalized from the "individual" intelligence quotient (IQ)[112] – thus making it possible to determine the marginal intelligence added by each new individual participating in the collective action, thus using metrics to avoid the hazards of group think and stupidity.[113]. The use of interactive new media, particularly the internet, promotes online interaction and this distribution of knowledge between users. Collective intelligence appears to be only moderately correlated with individual group members’ intelligence. This article critically analyses concepts and models in support of collective intelligence (CI) and collective emotional intelligence (CEI) and their potential impacts on the organizations' teams. How well an individual performs certain cognitive tasks can generally predict how well they will do with other tasks, and this correlation has repeatedly proven to be present in studies of intelligence. It may involve consensus, social capital and formalisms such as voting systems . Les maîtres mots : co-création, co-production, co-équipiers ! By Greg Peverill-Conti [this is an edited summary, not a verbatim transcript] David Thorburn introduced the evening's panel, explaining that the idea of collective intelligence has been a topic that the Communications Forum has covered in the past. This is because the elites fear that the collective intelligence would convince the people to rebel. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 432128, 138, 292, 340 citation analysis.................................. 138f., 340 citation ... 287 Collective Intelligence .........164, 166-169, 177, 231, 363, 366, 417 critical mass............................................. 168 in ... Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 15Cela saute aux yeux sur deux autres citations. ͛abord, celle de Lynn Margulis (page 22) ... Un autre mythe vient sous la plume de steven Johnson (page 27), qui prend un collectif d͛intelligences pour une « intelligence collective ». [52] While a mediation, statistically speaking, clarifies the mechanism underlying the relationship between a dependent and an independent variable,[61] Wolley agreed in an interview with the Harvard Business Review that these findings are saying that groups of women are smarter than groups of men. Les comportements territoriaux affaiblissent l'intelligence collective. ", "A Review of the Influence of Group Goals on Group Performance", "About Collective IQ - Doug Engelbart Institute", "Centre for Collective Intelligence Design", "What Google Learned From Its Quest to Build the Perfect Team", "Interactive audiences? [44][60], The proportion of females as a predictor of c was largely mediated by social sensitivity (Sobel z = 1.93, P= 0.03)[12] which is in vein with previous research showing that women score higher on social sensitivity tests. Augmented Collective Intelligence where AI may enable CI to scale; Human-Driven Artificial Intelligence where CI may humanize AI. Downloadable! Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 67Collective intelligence is a relatively new field in which information is generated by the users, e.g. Wikis like ... Scientific citation analysis services assess citations to the papers, and in this way, can determine the most cited ... [11] Both Pierre Lévy (2007) and Henry Jenkins (2008) support the claim that collective intelligence is important for democratization, as it is interlinked with knowledge-based culture and sustained by collective idea sharing, and thus contributes to a better understanding of diverse society. Collective actions or tasks require different amounts of coordination depending on the complexity of the task. < 2 3. At its best, collective intelligence can help us respond to crises with greater confidence, clarity and cooperation. Collective intelligence strongly contributes to the shift of knowledge and power from the individual to the collective. For example, Studies in Intelligence, Volume 24, Issue 3, Pages 1-9 would be cited as: Stud. Illustrant son propos par de nombreux cas réels, expliqués grâce à l'architecture collaborative des organisations, Olivier d'Herbemont nous fait découvrir une voie nouvelle dans cette quète du graal que constitue la transformation des ... Collective intelligence, which aggregates the shared information from large crowds, is often negatively impacted by unreliable information sources with the low quality data. Track citation; Share Share. The notion has more recently been examined by the philosopher Pierre Lévy. [7][8] A broader definition was provided by Geoff Mulgan in a series of lectures and reports from 2006 onwards [9] and in the book Big Mind [10] which proposed a framework for analysing any thinking system, including both human and machine intelligence, in terms of functional elements (observation, prediction, creativity, judgement etc. Swarm Intelligence is the principal peer reviewed publication dedicated to reporting research and new developments in this multidisciplinary field. [130], Lévy and de Kerckhove consider CI from a mass communications perspective, focusing on the ability of networked information and communication technologies to enhance the community knowledge pool. [174], Skeptics, especially those critical of artificial intelligence and more inclined to believe that risk of bodily harm and bodily action are the basis of all unity between people, are more likely to emphasize the capacity of a group to take action and withstand harm as one fluid mass mobilization, shrugging off harms the way a body shrugs off the loss of a few cells. In this way many take part in being one. For example, estimating the weight of an object, or the release date of a product or probability of success of a project etc. [78], A collective intelligence factor c in the sense of Woolley et al. Fama cites research conducted by Michael Jensen[121] in which 89 out of 115 selected funds underperformed relative to the index during the period from 1955 to 1964. [146], Research performed by Tapscott and Williams has provided a few examples of the benefits of collective intelligence to business:[42], Cultural theorist and online community developer, John Banks considered the contribution of online fan communities in the creation of the Trainz product. Volume: Issue-Page(s). [111], In this model, beings and information are modeled as abstract information molecules carrying expressions of mathematical logic. psychometric approach of general individual intelligence, hierarchical model of intelligence differences, "Collective Intelligence, the Future of Internet and the IEML: Interview to Pierre Lévy by Art Farley and Massimo Lollini", http://www.thinkers.sa.gov.au/images/Mulgan_Final_Report.pdf, "Aristotle and the Virtue of the Multitude", "About the Book – Foundation for Conscious Evolution", Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework, "Collective Intelligence, Data Routing and Braess' Paradox", "Game Theoretic Learning in Distributed Control", "Collective Intelligence as a Field of Multi‐disciplinary Study and Practice", Reflections on the evolution of choice and collective intelligence, Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything, "Reading the Mind in the Eyes or reading between the lines? Thomas W. Malone, Michael S. Bernstein. [68], To address the problems of serialized aggregation of input among large-scale groups, recent advancements collective intelligence have worked to replace serialized votes, polls, and markets, with parallel systems such as "human swarms" modeled after synchronous swarms in nature. Regression analyses were performed to rule out any confounding factors between study cohorts. The authors conclude that scores on the RME must be related to a broader set of abilities of social reasoning than only drawing inferences from other people's eye expressions. Peter Russell, Elisabet Sahtouris, and Barbara Marx Hubbard (originator of the term "conscious evolution")[22] are inspired by the visions of a noosphere – a transcendent, rapidly evolving collective intelligence – an informational cortex of the planet. [111] Their interaction in abstract computational space creates multi-thread inference process which we perceive as collective intelligence.
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